第十一课 |
〈請讀約翰福音十一 1-46〉 本章是耶穌在被釘十字架以前,所行之最後的神蹟。可分三段加以研究。 (一) 拉撒路病了的消息〈1-6〉。 (二) 耶穌決意去伯大尼(7-16)。 (三) 拉撒路從死裡復生〈32-46〉。 3節:「主啊!你所愛的人病了。」信徒都是主所愛的人。但最令人費解的是:主所愛的人 反倒病了。關於此事保羅曾作見證說:「我們曉得萬事都互相效力,叫愛神的人得益處。」 〈羅八 28〉約翰作見證論到主說;「凡我所疼愛的人,我就責備管教他。」〈啟三 19〉約 伯也見證說:「神所懲治的人是有福的。所以你不可輕看全能者的管教。」〈伯五 17〉信 徒生病,有時是由信徒的「罪」來的〈約五14〉;有時是為信徒的造就而來,好像人用烈火 煉金,為的是要使它更顯得寶貴〈彼前一 6, 7〉;有時要使信徒更加認識神,也能認清自 己〈伯四二 5〉;有時要增加信徒的信心,和神的榮耀〈約十一 4,40〉。主說:「我所作 的,你如今不知道,後來必明白。」〈約十三 7〉 6節:耶穌聽到消息,「就在所居之地仍住了兩天。」主的耽延,未免使人難耐。但為要彰 顯神的大能和人的信心,「延遲」倒是成全神的美意所不可少的。所以信徒祈禱,有時神不 立刻應允,千萬不可灰心。經上說:「耶和華必然等候,要施恩給你們……凡等候祂的,都 有福的!」〈賽三十 18〉 11節:「我們的朋友拉撒路睡了,我去叫醒他!」主稱信徒為朋友,這是何等親密的愛;以 創造者之身份,稱被造者為朋友,主看我們是何等寶貴。「拉撒路睡了,我去叫醒他!」由 此可見,耶穌已經決意要藉著使拉撒路復活,顯現祂是生命的主,復活的主了。所以對那來 報告拉撒路病了的人說:「這病不至於死」。接著又說:「乃是為神的榮耀,叫神的兒子因 此得榮耀」〈4〉。 12,13節:因為門徒信心遲鈍,不明白主的心意。主就明白地告訴他們說:「拉撒路死了」 。 15節:「我沒有在那裏就歡喜」。解釋了第 6節,耶穌不立刻去醫治拉撒路的原因。基督要 門徒知道祂有權柄勝過死亡,拉撒路死時,祂不在那裏是好的。 17節:「耶穌到了,就知道拉撒路在墳墓裏,已經四天了」。按靈意說,從亞當的悖逆,罪 就入了世界,死就作了王〈羅五 12, 13〉,直到耶穌被釘死在十字架上,藉著死敗壞掌死 權的魔鬼〈來二 14〉。其間的日期以聖經的算法,是四千年。「神看千年如一日」 ,人類 在死的權下正是「已經四天了」。主已經從死裏復活,叫凡信祂的都要與祂一同復活過來。 21節:「你若早在這裏,我的兄弟必不死。」姊妹倆當弟弟染病時,即打發人去請耶穌。她 們知道耶穌是愛他們一家人的,所以起初對弟弟的病,卻不以為意,深信耶穌一來就好了, 因此她們十分放心,也互相安慰。不料耶穌遲遲其來,而弟弟的病,卻忽然轉變,十分沉重 。雖然打發去請耶穌的人,回報耶穌的話,「這病不至於死」,但眼巴巴的看著她們所愛的 弟弟活生生的死去了,一切的希望都成了泡影。所以馬大一見了主,將心中無限的惋惜、悲 傷、盡情向主傾吐:「主啊,你若早在這裏,我的兄弟必不死!」這話好像對主有怨言。 22節:在無希望之中,仍有一線的希望,由軟弱的信心,發出哀求的禱告。「就是現在,我 也知道,你無論向神求甚麼,神也必賜給你。」信心必因為看見了主,又復活起來。他知道 在神凡事都能(路十八 27)。 23,34節:主耶穌立刻答應其祈禱,「你的兄弟必然復活」。但可惜馬大過於聰明,而缺少 信心。祂說「我知道在末日復活的時候,他必復活。」,從這一點看來,給我們一個教訓, 用信心支取主的應許,不是靠人的理想。 25節:「耶穌對她說:“復活在我,生命也在我!”」 」 ,目的是要更正馬大錯誤的信心 意思是不論何時,主都可以叫人得生命,都可以叫人復活。因為一切的權柄都操在主手中。 27節:馬大說:「主啊!是的,我信你是基督,是神的兒子」〈參看約壹五 5;約廿 31〉?br> 28,29節:馬大因為信心有了保證,就回去對她妹子馬利亞說:「夫子來了,叫你。」馬利 亞聽見了,就急忙起來,到耶穌那裏去。可見馬利亞等候主來,好像守夜的等候天亮。他仰 望這位可愛的主,知道祂有慈愛,有豐盛的救恩(參看詩一三○ 5-7)。 32節:馬利亞到了耶穌那裏,看見祂,就俯伏在祂腳前,說:「主啊,你若早在這裏,我的 兄弟必不死。」馬利亞愛主,尊敬主的心非常可佩。雖然兄弟死了,打發人請耶穌,祂遲遲 才來,好像主忘記她了,不顧念她了。但她對主的心,仍不改變。一聽說主叫她,就急忙到 主跟前來。一見主面,就俯伏在祂的腳前敬拜,這種忠心的事奉,正是信徒的榜樣。 「主啊,你若早在這裏,我的兄弟必不死。」〈這話同馬大見主時所說的一模一樣〉。她說 了這話,沒有向主求甚麼,只將一切的苦情在主面前大聲哭出來。有時祈禱有話語,有時沒 有話語,那說不出來的苦情,只能以一哭表明出來。主是察看人心腸肺腑的主。祂知道人內 心的傷痛。 33節:這一哭,主的靈被感動,悲歎,憂愁。「耶穌哭了」。〈原文是『大聲哀哭』參看來 五 7〉。主看到人類,因著死亡就這樣的悲慘,惻隱之心,人皆有之。因此,耶穌哭了,大 聲哀哭了,是以大祭司的身份體恤人的軟弱(來四 15;七25, 26)。一個可愛的家庭,因 一人的死亡,全家的平安、喜樂,都喪失了。所充滿的是悲哀慘痛。因此,世界稱為流淚谷 ,因為「死」在世界掌權。生命的主看到人的死,尚且難免大哭。而那些死在罪惡中的人, 反而不知死之將至,終日花天酒地,以世界為安樂窩,可不痛心嗎? 37,38節:「祂既然開了瞎子的眼睛,豈不能叫這人不死嗎?」這是不信的人對主的批評譏 誚,意思是說「病的時候,請之不來;如今死了,哭之何用?」 「耶穌又心裏悲歎,來到墳墓前。」因罪惡所帶來的死亡、墳墓,耶穌對人有無限的傷心。 祂知道「死的毒鉤就是罪,罪的權勢就是律法。」〈林前十五 56〉若不親身在十字架上擔 當世人的罪,人那能脫離死亡呢? 39節:「耶穌說:『你們把石頭挪開』,那死人的姐姐馬大對祂說:『主啊,他現在必是臭 了,因為他死了已經四天了。』」。馬大的神經是過敏的,主說:她的兄弟必然復活〈23〉 ,她就馬上感覺到末世時才會復活;主到墳墓前,命令他們把石頭挪開,她又馬上感覺到身 體臭了。唉!信心不是憑著感覺,也不是憑著理智。信心是靜默不作聲,看耶和華今天向我 們所要施行的救恩〈出十四 13, 14〉。另一方面,馬利亞卻安靜不說話,只用信心仰望主 。 猶太人有一種迷信的幻想,以為人死後三日,靈魂徘徊於墳墓四週。過了這個時期,然後才 進入墳墓。所以親人照例在死後三日,探觀墳窖,希望死者還魂再生。若過了三天,屍體腐 化,面無人色,就完全絕望了。耶穌等拉撒路死了四日,才來叫他復活,神的兒子才能大得 榮耀。馬大說她弟弟的死,已經四天了,必是臭了,或許存有猶太人迷信的意味。 40節:「你若信就必看見神的榮耀。」聖經的原則是先信後見;世人是要先見後信。科學的 進步,學術的研究,都是信而後見的。發臭不能阻礙神的權能,阻擋神權能的是不信。願我 們時常求主,除去我們不信的惡心。 41,42節:耶穌的祈禱,福音書未多記載。這次祈禱在拉撒路未死之前,神已經垂聽。所以 拉撒路復活的目的,是要叫人信祂是神差來的基督〈約十七 21-25〉。 43節:「就大聲呼叫」。在第五章 25 節,祂自己的見證說:「時候將到,現在就是了,死 人要聽見神兒子的聲音,聽見的人就要活了。」這大聲音是創造者的聲音,是叫死人復活的 聲音〈參帖前四 16;林前十五 52〉。 43,44節:「拉撒路出來;那死人就出來了。」耶穌曾說過:「我的羊聽我的聲音」〈約十 27〉。主來的時候,只有屬主的人才能復活,才能改變。所以耶穌當時呼叫拉撒路的名,因 只有屬主的人復活,不信主的死人,要等主末日審判的時候才復活。拉撒路的復活,乃是人 得救最完美的圖畫。這死人在墳墓中全身被布包裹,又發臭。正如一個人被罪惡捆綁,不祇 不能行動,而且臭味難當,要他修行積德,刻苦己身,全不濟事。只有簡單地聽主的福音, 得主賜以新的生命,一霎之間,整個人活起來。耶穌說:「解開叫他走」。主賜生命叫拉撒 路出死入生,但主的門徒要與主同工。把死人身上的綑綁解開,使他得以自由行走。所以一 個得救的人,當遵守使徒一切的教訓〈徒二 42〉,因為「你們必曉得真理,真理必叫你們 得以自由。」(約八 32) 從全部的真理看:神要行一件小神蹟,就先將人放於困難中;神要行一件大神蹟,就先將人 放在完全絕望中,所謂:「置之死地而後生」。目的要使信徒信心大增,而讚美神。「耶和 華啊,眾神之中誰能像你,至聖至榮,可頌可畏,施行奇事?」〈出十五 11〉 從另一方面看,神常將人的災禍變為祝福。人當有信心,才能看見神的榮耀。又當彼此同心 ,遵行主的話,〈把石頭挪開〉,排除一切成見、固執、不信的惡心,及一切的阻擋。在主 的面前,將整個臭爛的死屍顯露出來,即是將罪惡完全在主的面前坦白承認,主將施展大能 ,使死變為活,失變為得,使哭變為笑,禍變為福。 學者,你有生命嗎?有自由嗎? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 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第十一課 試題 在下面十個問題中,請在下列是非選項中指出正確的答案,並用√記號標示出來:請讀約翰福音十一 1-46,再細看試題,完成後按列印鍵即可印出 是 否 1.基督徒凡事求告主,就馬上得應允。 2.信心是靠自己的理想。 3.因為主擔當了世人的罪,世人才能脫離死亡。 4.馬大的信心憑感覺和理智,馬利亞的信心是安靜和仰望。 5.生命和復活的權柄,都操在耶穌手中。 6.耶穌叫拉撒路復活的目的,是要叫人信祂是神所差來的基督。 7. 現在死亡不再作主,因為主已經從死裏復活,叫凡信祂的都要與祂一同復活。 8.主再來叫人的身體都要改變。 9.基督徒生病,有主的管教或懲治。 10.聖經的原則是先看見後相信。 |